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What are gametes?

Gametes are cells specialized in sexual reproduction. They contain half of the maximum number of chromosomes of the species and unite with another gamete giving birth to a zygote with the double of the number of chromosomes of the gametic cells.

In humans gametes are formed by meiosis; the male gametes are the sperm cells and the female gametes are the egg cells.

What is the type of cell division that allows sexual reproduction? What is gametogenesis?

Meiosis is the type of cell division that allows sexual reproduction since it reduces to a half the number of chromosomes of the species making possible the combination of two gametes to form a new individual. (In some beings meiosis creates haploid gametophytes that by means of mitosis generate gametes. Even in this case the function of meiosis is the same: to provide cells with half of the number of chromosomes of the species with separation of the homologous.)

Gametogenesis is the name given to the process of gamete production.

What is the name of the cells capable of making gametes? What is the ploidy of these gamete-forming cells?

The cells that form gametes are the germ cells as opposed to the somatic cells. The germ cells have the same number of chromosomes as the somatic cells (only during the formation of gametes meiosis occurs and the number of chromosomes is reduced to half).