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Free Biology Book> Physiology> Circulation

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Biochemistry

Introduction to Biochemistry

Water and Mineral Salts

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Enzymes 

Nucleic Acids

 

 

Cell Biology 

Cell Organization

Membranes

Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement

Cellular Digestion and Secretion

Cell Nucleus

Cell Division

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

Protein Synthesis

 

 

Microbiology

Bacteria

Protists

Fungi

Virus

 

 

Zoology

Introduction to Taxonomy

Poriferans

Cnidarians

Platyhelminthes

Nematodes

Annelids

Molluscs

Arthropods

Echinoderms

Chordates

Fishes

Amphibians

Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

 

 

Physiology

General Histology

Blood

Metabolism and Nutrition

Digestion

Respiration

Circulation

Excretion

Skin and Coverings

Musculoskeletal System

Nervous System

Vision

Hearing and Balance

Endocrine System

Immune System

Gametogenesis

Reproduction

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View chapter-related images

open circulatory system closed circulatory system blood vessels heart structure arteries 

arterioles veins venules blood capillaries artery histology vein histology venous valves 

varices lymphatic system lymphadenopathy heart chambers vena cava heart circulation 

pulmonary valve pulmonary artery pulmonary veins mitral valve aorta coronary ostia 

coronary circulation myocardium cardiac cycle oxyhemoglobin hemoglobin F 

heart conduction

What is circulation?

 

Circulation is the movement of substances like nutrients and gases within blood vessels and cavities throughout the organism.

Do all animals have a circulatory system?

 

Not all animals have circulatory system.

 

Poriferans, cnidarians, platyhelminthes and nematodes (in these there are the pseudocoelom fluid but no vessels) are avascular animals. Echinoderms do not have true circulatory system either.

What is the alternative means for transport of substances in animals without circulatory system? Why is blood important for larger animals?

 

In animals that do not present circulatory system the transport of substances occurs by cell to cell diffusion.

 

The blood is a fundamental means of substance transport for larger animals since in these animals there are tissues distant from each other and from the environment thus making diffusion impossible.

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Embryology

General Embryology

Extraembryonic Membranes

 

 

Botany

Plant Classification and Life Cycles

Bryophytes

Pteridophytes

Gymnosperms

Angiosperms

Plant Tissues

Plant Physiology

 

 

Genetics

Fundamentals of Genetics

Mendel's Laws

Variations of Inheritance

Linkage and Crossing Over

Sex and Sex-Linked Inheritance

Blood Groups

Karyotype and Genetic Diseases

Genetic Distribution

Genetic Manipulation

 

 

Evolution

Hypothesis on the Origin of Life

Evolutionary Theory

 

 

Ecology

Notions on Ecology

Earth Biomes

Energy and Matter in Ecosystems

Biogeochemical Cycles

Biodiversity

Ecological Interactions

Ecological Succession

Populations

Environmental Problems

 

 

Diseases

Notions on Parasitism

Bacterial Infections

Protozoan Infections

Fungal Infections

Viral Infections

AIDS

Worm Infections

Prion Diseases

Degenerative Diseases

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