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What is karyotype?

The name karyotype is given to the set of chromosomes of an individual, usually when visualized and identified under the microscope. The visualization generally is made with the cells in the initial phases of cell division for the chromosomes to be seen already replicated and condensed.

Which type of genetic disease can be identified from the visual analysis of the number of chromosomes present in a karyotype?

The counting and identification of chromosomes in the karyotype of an individual can diagnose the aneuploidies, diseases caused by alteration in the number of chromosomes in relation to the normal number of the species.

Why in the preparation of a karyotype analysis is the use of a substance like colchicine interesting?

Colchicine is a substance that disallows the formation of microtubules and thus of the spindle fibers in cell division. Under the action of this drug the cells interrupt division at metaphase and the anaphase does not occur. Therefore the use of colchicine in the study of karyotypes is interesting because chromosomes will be seen replicated and condensed.