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What is the problem that the theory of evolution and its rival theories try to solve?

The problem that the theory of evolution, or simply evolution, and its rival theories try to solve is to explain how the different living beings that live on earth have appeared.

What is the main theory opposed to evolution?

The main theory that opposes evolution on the explanation of how species emerged (phylogenesis) is the fixism.

What is fixism?

Fixism is the theory about the diversity of life on earth that affirms that the current existent species were identical to species of the past and came out already adapted to the environment without undergoing changes.

Fixism opposes evolutionism since evolutionism is the idea that current species emerged from gradual transformations suffered by ancestral and extinct species.

The religious version of fixism is called creationism. Many different forms of creationism are found in the mythology of several religions. Modernized religious interpreters teach creationism as a metaphorical wisdom and not as opposed to evolutionism.

Furthermore it is possible to make evolution compatible with creationism by considering that God in His perfection would not create a world so full of imperfections and sufferings like our world. One can maintain the creationist belief thinking that the world God created is other much better world or at least not the one that we see while admitting that the imperfect life we see emerged by evolution.