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What is cytoskeleton? What are the main constituents of the cytoskeleton in animal cells?

Cytoskeleton is the cytoplasmic structure that supports the cell, keeps its shape and fixates and moves the cell organelles. It is made of an extensive network of fibers dispersed in the cytoplasm and anchored in the plasma membrane. The cytoskeleton is made of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments.

Of which substance are microtubules made? In which structures and cellular processes do microtubules participate?

Microtubules are made of consecutive dimers of the protein tubulin (each dimer has an alpha and a beta tubulin associated). Microtubules participate in cell division, they are constituents of cilia and flagella and they also form the centrioles.

Of which substance are microfilaments made? What are the properties of these elements that give motility to cells?

Microfilaments are made of actin (a protein). The contractile association of actin with myosin and other cytoplasmic proteins give to microfilaments the ability to promote cell movement.